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Environmentalists warn of intent to sue over snail species living near Nevada lithium mine_我的网站

一 |     最新数据显示，美国实体软件销售额暴跌至 7 月历史最低点 8500 万美元——这是自 1995 年开始统计以来的最差表现。Circana 的 7 月视频游戏报告显示，在 2026 年至今的期间，PlayStation 硬件的实体软件销售额占美国消费者在新实体游戏总支出的 32%。任天堂平台游戏的支出占今年至今新实体软件支出的 63%。Xbox 则未被提及。这一数据紧随索尼宣布将于 2028 年停止生产 PlayStation 游戏实体光盘的震惊消息之后。    RENO, Nev. -- In an ongoing legal battle with the Biden administration over a Nevada lithium mine, environmentalists are poised to return to court with a new approach accusing U.S. wildlife officials of dragging their feet on a year-old petition seeking endangered species status for a tiny snail that lives nearby. The Western Watersheds Project said in its formal notice of intent to sue that the government's failure to list the Kings River pyrg as a threatened or endangered species could push it to the brink of extinction.It says the only place the snail is known to exist is in 13 shallow springs near where Lithium Americas is building its Thacker Pass Mine near the Oregon line.President Joe Biden has made ramped-up domestic production of lithium a key part of his blueprint for a greener future. Worldwide demand for the critical element in the manufacture of electric vehicle batteries is projected to increase six-fold by 2030 compared with 2020.Past lawsuits filed by conservationists and tribes have taken aim — largely unsuccessfully — at the Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management, which they accused of cutting regulatory corners to expedite approval of the mine itself in 2021.The new approach targets the department's Fish and Wildlife Service, charged with ensuring protection of fish and wildlife habitat surrounding the mine site 200 miles (321 kilometers) northeast of Reno.Western Watersheds Project says groundwater pumping associated with the mine’s 370-foot-deep (113-meter) open pit will reduce or eliminate flows to the springs that support the snails.In the formal 90-day notice of intent to sue sent to Interior Secretary Deborah Haaland last month, they say her agency's failure to make a 12-month finding on the listing petition filed in September 2022 is a violation of the Endangered Species Act.“The Fish and Wildlife Service isn’t supposed to sit on its hands while species are in imminent danger of extinction, but the fact that it hasn’t met the deadlines on the pyrg raises questions about why they might be delaying,” Adam Bronstein, the project's Nevada director, said in a statement.“It would be absolutely unacceptable if the Biden Administration is waiting until it’s too late to save the species so as not to interrupt the construction of a lithium mine," he said.Interior Department spokeswoman Melissa Schwartz said in an email Thursday the department had no comment on the group's intent to sue.Western Watersheds Project said time is of the essence because the snails were imperiled even before any new mining was contemplated due to livestock grazing, round-building and, increasingly, the anticipated impacts of climate change.“The species has no regulatory protection whatsoever ... because it is not an endangered species, or even a Bureau of Land Management-listed Sensitive species, and has no state law protections," the notice said.Conservationists and tribal lawyers claimed a partial victory last year when U.S. District Judge Miranda Du concluded the bureau failed to fully comply with new interpretations of the 1872 Mining Law. But she stopped short of blocking the project, allowing construction to begin as the bureau shored up plans for disposal of waste rock.The opponents appealed, but the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld Du's ruling in July.The tiny snail’s shell is less than 2 millimeters (0.08 inches) tall. By comparison, a U.S. nickel coin is 1.95 millimeters thick. They've managed to survive in isolated springs, which are remnants of extensive waterways that have covered what is now dry land only to recede many times over the last 2 million years, the listing petition said.The project says three of the springs are within a 1-mile (1.6-kilometer) buffer zone, the bureau established in its review of potential impacts of a 10-foot (3-meter) drawdown of the groundwater table, and the rest are less than 4 miles (4.8 kilometers) away."As drought frequency increases with climate change, the Kings River pyrg will be at high risk of extinction,” the letter to Haaland said. It notes that the Nevada Department of Wildlife considers the pyrg “extremely vulnerable to climate change.”Lithium Americas had no comment on the notice of intent to sue the Fish and Wildlife Service, spokesman Tim Crowley said. The company said when the listing petition was filed last year that it's done extensive work to design a project that avoids impacts to the springs.The Bureau of Land Management said earlier its environmental review of the project that it didn't detect any of the snails "within the direct footprint of the project or any area likely to be adversely affected by the project.”。该公告在网上引发了强烈抵制，尽管当前趋势如此，一些人仍坚持认为索尼应该继续印制光盘游戏。

二 | 索尼在宣布这一决定时表示，这只是顺应消费者趋势。

三 | “为了应对消费者偏好的转变，新游戏将仅以数字格式在 PlayStation Store 和零售商处发布，”索尼互动娱乐内容传播高级总监 Sid Shuman 在官方博客文章中表示。

四 | 同样，Rockstar 母公司 Take-Two 的掌门人 Strauss Zelnick 最近也为该公司不发布 GTA6 实体光盘的决定进行了辩护，坚持认为对于大型游戏来说，光盘“对消费者来说并没有真正意义”。然而，玩家们呼吁索尼撤回决定，签署在线请愿书并在 PlayStation 社交媒体帖子下留言，表达对视频游戏保存和所有权的担忧。其他团体也提出了投诉。

五 | 例如，英国数字娱乐与零售协会 (ERA) 称索尼的决定是“企业便利凌驾于消费者选择之上的胜利”。上个月，索尼终于打破沉默，回应了停止生产 PlayStation 光盘的决定，称这目前对其业务没有任何影响，且预见未来也不会有负面影响。

六 | 索尼高管坚持不会改变主意，同时承认视频游戏社区存在“强烈观点”。今天的统计数据显示，PlayStation 占据了美国实体游戏销售的很大一部分，但值得注意的是，我们目前还没有 2026 年实际的销售额或收入数据来展示更宏观的图景。索尼最新的财报显示，PS4 和 PS5 平台的完整游戏软件数字下载比例高达 82%。为了印证这一趋势，Circana 高级总监兼视频游戏行业顾问 Mat Piscatella 最近表示，今年到目前为止，美国只有七款 PlayStation 游戏的实体销量超过了 10 万份。在截至 7 月 11 日的一周内，美国仅有两款 PlayStation 游戏的实体销量超过 1 万份。

七 | Circana 的数据显示，7 月对美国的视频游戏和硬件销售来说是尤为糟糕的一个月。美国视频游戏总支出同比下降 10%，硬件支出则因与 Nintendo Switch 2 发布时的艰难对比，以及 PlayStation 5 和 Xbox Series X/S 的涨价而暴跌 29%。Piscatella 表示，硬件支出降至 2.82 亿美元的低点，这是自 2020 年 7 月（1.63 亿美元）以来未见的水平，当时受疫情影响的缺货和物流挑战导致购买新游戏硬件极其困难。订阅支出是 7 月唯一较去年同期增长的类别（+6%）。“市场对比继续受到 2025 年 6 月 Nintendo Switch 2 创纪录发布的影响，”Piscatella 说。“然而，挑战远不止简单的周期性问题。由 RAM 和零部件危机驱动的更高硬件价格显著影响了 PlayStation 5 和 Xbox Series 的销量，而 Nintendo Switch 2 硬件也将于 2026 年 9 月 1 日涨价。”硬件总销量较 2025 年 7 月下降 39%，而新视频游戏硬件的平均售价上涨了 16%，达到 542 美元。与去年同期相比，所有主机平台的销量均有所下降。PlayStation 5 销量下降 6%，Xbox Series 下降 18%，Switch 2 下降 51%。上市 14 个月后，Nintendo Switch 2 的销售速度比初代 Nintendo Switch 同期领先 11%。

八 | 这一势头能否持续仍有待观察。在整体低迷的月份中，受支持 PS4 和 PS5 的 PlayStation 移植版发布的推动，使命召唤：黑色行动2 预计成为 7 月销售额最高的游戏。使命召唤21：黑色行动6 也在当月获得了 PS4/PS5 移植版，总排名第 5。育碧的 刺客信条4：黑旗 记忆重置 排名第三，Halo: Campaign Evolved 排名第六，Splatoon Raiders 排名第七。

九 | 图片摄影：Richard A. Brooks / AFP。

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